Wednesday, November 30, 2011
Monday, November 28, 2011
Cystic Fibrosis
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5n29ZCvtCI8&feature=fvst
1. What are the signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis?
The signs are simple, 70% are diagnosed by the age of 2. One thing is you have a lot of mucus. Its thick and in your lungs. Another thing is that the people have salty sweat.
2. How common is this disorder?
70,000 people world wide have it. With 30,000 being in the U.S.
3. How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed?
It's diagnosed by a test they can run.
4. How is cystic fibrosis inherited? Does everyone who has a mutant gene for the protein have cystic fibrosis?
It is inherited by the gene of a parent. Not everyone ends up with the disease, but it is very likely to end up with it.
PART 2
1. Explain the normal function of the protein that is defective in cystic fibrosis.
It helps function the cells in the body.
2. What happens to this protein in CF patients and what are the consequences for the health of these individuals?
The protein can be blocked in places of the body, and the CF patients have trouble with getting their vitamins and minerals out of there food. This is a lack of digestion.
PART 3
1. Explain at least 3 treatments for the symptoms of cystic fibrosis.
Lung transplant therapy, chest drainage therapy, and oxygen therapy.
2. Discuss at least 3 ways for parents to help their children who have cystic fibrosis.
Enroll them into sports, make them laugh, or hit them on the back. As long as the mucus is coming up you are doing your part.
1. What are the signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis?
The signs are simple, 70% are diagnosed by the age of 2. One thing is you have a lot of mucus. Its thick and in your lungs. Another thing is that the people have salty sweat.
2. How common is this disorder?
70,000 people world wide have it. With 30,000 being in the U.S.
3. How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed?
It's diagnosed by a test they can run.
4. How is cystic fibrosis inherited? Does everyone who has a mutant gene for the protein have cystic fibrosis?
It is inherited by the gene of a parent. Not everyone ends up with the disease, but it is very likely to end up with it.
PART 2
1. Explain the normal function of the protein that is defective in cystic fibrosis.
It helps function the cells in the body.
2. What happens to this protein in CF patients and what are the consequences for the health of these individuals?
The protein can be blocked in places of the body, and the CF patients have trouble with getting their vitamins and minerals out of there food. This is a lack of digestion.
PART 3
1. Explain at least 3 treatments for the symptoms of cystic fibrosis.
Lung transplant therapy, chest drainage therapy, and oxygen therapy.
2. Discuss at least 3 ways for parents to help their children who have cystic fibrosis.
Enroll them into sports, make them laugh, or hit them on the back. As long as the mucus is coming up you are doing your part.
Tuesday, November 15, 2011
Osmosis Lab
In our Osmosis lab we tested four different substances. These substances consisted of methyl cellulose, cereal, corn starch, and tums. Each of the substances had some water added to it. We put each substances in a membrane, then into a cup of water. This was a way to see how it would react. We decided to see how much water was transferred by weight. We had a weight before we put it in water, then a weight after the 24 hour soak. Some transferred more water than others, but they all gained weight.
Substance beginning weight oz. after 24 hour soak oz.
methyl cellulose 4.71 9.55
cereal 9.69 13.08
corn starch 6.57 6.98
tums 12.5 17.79
The graph is proof of water transferring into the membrane. On the corn starch the properties must not have been the same, because hardly any water diffused. So in this lab we proved osmosis and diffusion exist. This is proved by the change in weight after a 24 hour soak.
Substance beginning weight oz. after 24 hour soak oz.
methyl cellulose 4.71 9.55
cereal 9.69 13.08
corn starch 6.57 6.98
tums 12.5 17.79
The graph is proof of water transferring into the membrane. On the corn starch the properties must not have been the same, because hardly any water diffused. So in this lab we proved osmosis and diffusion exist. This is proved by the change in weight after a 24 hour soak.
Thursday, November 3, 2011
membrain structures
A cell is composed of two distinctive environments, the hydrophilic aqueous cytoplasm and the hydrophobic lipid membranes. The lipids environment is defined by how they react to different hydrophobic nature. We are learning about three members, fats, phospholipids, and steroids. Lipis are slightly soluble to insoluble in water. They are hydrophobic because the molecules consist of long hydrocarbon backbones. Lipids can serve as many functions in organisms. They are the major components of waxes, pigments, steroid hormones, and cell membranes. Fats, steroids, and phospholipids are very important to the function of membranes.
Fats are synthesized from two different classes of molecules. Fatty acids are normally 16-22 carbons long. Fatty acids can be two types; saturated and unsaturated. Saturated fatty acids never have a carbon to carbon double bonds. When the unsaturated fatty acids have 2 to 3 carbon to carbon bonds. Unsaturated fatty acids have lower melting points than saturated fats.
Phospholipids
Phospholipids contain 2 fatty acids attached to a glycerol head. A condensation reaction makes this occur. The third alcohol of the glycerol forms an ester bond through reaction with phosphoric acid. this is another example of a condensation reaction between an acid and an alcohol with the release of water. The head of the phospholipid is hydrophilic, where the fatty acid tail is hydrophobic. In an aqueous solution they will self assemble into micelles or bilayers.
Steriods
Steriods are a family of lipids based on a molecule with four fused carbon rings. In this family there is hormones and cholesterol. Cholesterol is a component of the cell memorial in animals, it moderates the membrane fluidity because it restricts the motion of the fatty acid tails.
Fluid Quality of Membranes
The cell membrane must be dynamic in order for the cells to grow. To keep the membrane fluid at physiological temperatures the cell alters the composition of phospholipids. You have to have the right ration of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes. A low number of unsaturated fatty acids helps maintain the fluid nature of the cell membrane without it becoming to liquid at body temperature.
Proteins
Cells need a way to communicate with other cells because the cell membrane is only semipermeable. These roles are primarily filled by proteins. Membrane proteins are classified into two major categories, integral proteins, and peripheral proteins. Integral membrane proteins are those proteins that are embedded in he lipid bilayer and are generally characterized by their solubility in non-polar, hydrophobic solvents. Transmembrane proteins are examples of integral proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane. The hydrophilic proteins are the proteins exposed to the interior and exterior of the cell.
Fats are synthesized from two different classes of molecules. Fatty acids are normally 16-22 carbons long. Fatty acids can be two types; saturated and unsaturated. Saturated fatty acids never have a carbon to carbon double bonds. When the unsaturated fatty acids have 2 to 3 carbon to carbon bonds. Unsaturated fatty acids have lower melting points than saturated fats.
Phospholipids
Phospholipids contain 2 fatty acids attached to a glycerol head. A condensation reaction makes this occur. The third alcohol of the glycerol forms an ester bond through reaction with phosphoric acid. this is another example of a condensation reaction between an acid and an alcohol with the release of water. The head of the phospholipid is hydrophilic, where the fatty acid tail is hydrophobic. In an aqueous solution they will self assemble into micelles or bilayers.
Steriods
Steriods are a family of lipids based on a molecule with four fused carbon rings. In this family there is hormones and cholesterol. Cholesterol is a component of the cell memorial in animals, it moderates the membrane fluidity because it restricts the motion of the fatty acid tails.
Fluid Quality of Membranes
The cell membrane must be dynamic in order for the cells to grow. To keep the membrane fluid at physiological temperatures the cell alters the composition of phospholipids. You have to have the right ration of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes. A low number of unsaturated fatty acids helps maintain the fluid nature of the cell membrane without it becoming to liquid at body temperature.
Proteins
Cells need a way to communicate with other cells because the cell membrane is only semipermeable. These roles are primarily filled by proteins. Membrane proteins are classified into two major categories, integral proteins, and peripheral proteins. Integral membrane proteins are those proteins that are embedded in he lipid bilayer and are generally characterized by their solubility in non-polar, hydrophobic solvents. Transmembrane proteins are examples of integral proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane. The hydrophilic proteins are the proteins exposed to the interior and exterior of the cell.
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